Lecture 5: Definition of Heat Interaction; First and Second Law Efficiencies

MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spring 2024
Instructor: Gian Paolo Beretta

View the complete course: ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-s…
Complete course table of contents with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-s…
Complete course analytical index with hyperlinks to slides and video timestamps: ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-s…
YouTube Playlist:    • MIT 2.43 Advanced Thermodynamics, Spr...  

This lecture covers: Definition of heat interaction. First and second law efficiencies of heat engines, refrigeration units, heat pumps. Stable equilibrium properties (temperature, pressure, heat capacities, coefficients of isothermal compressibility and isobaric expansion).

Instructor suggests to set viewing speed at 1.5 for faster learning.

Slides for this lecture: ocw.mit.edu/courses/2-43-advanced-thermodynamics-s…

Key moments:

00:00:00 - Introduction
00:00:17 - Review: a More Precise Clausius Inequality
00:03:19 - Types of Interactions Between System
00:03:40 - Definition of Work Interaction
00:05:41 - Definition of Non-Work Interaction
00:07:18 - Definition of Heat Interaction
00:13:09 - Our Definition of Heat versus Heat Transfer
00:18:16 - Steady State Heat Transfer Requires Nonequilibrium
00:29:59 - Energy and Entropy Exchanges Between Reservoirs
00:33:16 - Interposing a System Makes Reversibility Possible
00:36:00 - Heat Engine Between Two Thermal Reservoirs
00:47:32 - Refrigerator Between Two Thermal Reservoirs
00:54:17 - Heat Pump Between Two Thermal Reservoirs
00:57:04 - Measurements of Stable-Equilibrium Properties
00:58:31 - Thermometer
01:00:06 - Manometer
01:00:58 - Pressure vs Force per Unit Area
01:02:31 - Heat Capacities
01:04:34 - Enthalpy and Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure
01:09:54 - Heat Capacity at Constant Volume
01:14:12 - Equation of State
01:14:37 - Mayer Relation, Sound Speed, Etc
01:15:45 - Gibbs Free Energy and Chemical Potentials
01:15:58 - Partial Pressures and Chemical Potentials
01:23:36 - Summary of Properties
01:26:48 - Fundamental Relation from Measurements
01:29:49 - Changing Variables by Means of Legendre Transform

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at ocw.mit.edu/
Support OCW at ow.ly/a1If50zVRlQ

We encourage constructive comments and discussion on OCW’s YouTube and other social media channels. Personal attacks, hate speech, trolling, and inappropriate comments are not allowed and may be removed. More details at ocw.mit.edu/comments.